新约 - 哥林多前书(1 Corinthians)第11章

Be ye followers of me, even as I also am of Christ.
Now I praise you, brethren, that ye remember me in all things, and keep the ordinances, as I delivered them to you.
But I would have you know, that the head of every man is Christ; and the head of the woman is the man; and the head of Christ is God.
Every man praying or prophesying, having his head covered, dishonoureth his head.
But every woman that prayeth or prophesieth with her head uncovered dishonoureth her head: for that is even all one as if she were shaven.
For if the woman be not covered, let her also be shorn: but if it be a shame for a woman to be shorn or shaven, let her be covered.
For a man indeed ought not to cover his head, forasmuch as he is the image and glory of God: but the woman is the glory of the man.
For the man is not of the woman; but the woman of the man.
Neither was the man created for the woman; but the woman for the man.
For this cause ought the woman to have power on her head because of the angels.
Nevertheless neither is the man without the woman, neither the woman without the man, in the Lord.
For as the woman is of the man, even so is the man also by the woman; but all things of God.
Judge in yourselves: is it comely that a woman pray unto God uncovered?
Doth not even nature itself teach you, that, if a man have long hair, it is a shame unto him?
But if a woman have long hair, it is a glory to her: for her hair is given her for a covering.
But if any man seem to be contentious, we have no such custom, neither the churches of God.
Now in this that I declare unto you I praise you not, that ye come together not for the better, but for the worse.
For first of all, when ye come together in the church, I hear that there be divisions among you; and I partly believe it.
For there must be also heresies among you, that they which are approved may be made manifest among you.
When ye come together therefore into one place, this is not to eat the Lord's supper.
For in eating every one taketh before other his own supper: and one is hungry, and another is drunken.
What? have ye not houses to eat and to drink in? or despise ye the church of God, and shame them that have not? What shall I say to you? shall I praise you in this? I praise you not.
For I have received of the Lord that which also I delivered unto you, That the Lord Jesus the same night in which he was betrayed took bread:
And when he had given thanks, he brake it, and said, Take, eat: this is my body, which is broken for you: this do in remembrance of me.
After the same manner also he took the cup, when he had supped, saying, This cup is the new testament in my blood: this do ye, as oft as ye drink it, in remembrance of me.
For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come.
Wherefore whosoever shall eat this bread, and drink this cup of the Lord, unworthily, shall be guilty of the body and blood of the Lord.
But let a man examine himself, and so let him eat of that bread, and drink of that cup.
For he that eateth and drinketh unworthily, eateth and drinketh damnation to himself, not discerning the Lord's body.
For this cause many are weak and sickly among you, and many sleep.
For if we would judge ourselves, we should not be judged.
But when we are judged, we are chastened of the Lord, that we should not be condemned with the world.
Wherefore, my brethren, when ye come together to eat, tarry one for another.
And if any man hunger, let him eat at home; that ye come not together unto condemnation. And the rest will I set in order when I come.
哥林多前书第十一章   林前 11:1> 如果我说保罗叫人效法他并不是自大,你知道为何吗? 

  11:1 为什么保罗说:“你们该效法我”?保罗并非自高自大,他也不以自己为无罪的人。此时,因为哥林多教会的信徒对基督的生平和教训认识不多,保罗不能叫他们效法基督,事实上,当时连福音书也还未曾写成,所以他们不知耶稣是怎样的。对于这些初信的信徒,让他们认识基督的最佳方法,是叫他们参照一位他们信赖的基督徒,保罗正是最佳的人选,因为他在哥林多约有两年的时间,他与很多初信者已建立了一种信任的关系。(参加 4:12 ;腓 3:17 ;帖前 1:6 ; 2:14 ;帖后 3:7-9 ) 

  林前 11:2-16> 这里要处理的问题可真棘手,你要知道吗? 

  11:2-16 在这个段落里,保罗要处理在敬拜中不敬虔的事。我们在读时需要了解哥林多的背景。有关妇女蒙头的事看似不大,却因两种文化的冲突变成严重的问题。犹太妇女在敬拜中必然是蒙头的,因为妇女在公众场合里不蒙头,便是不道德的表现;但希腊妇女却习惯不蒙头敬拜。在这封书信中,保罗已谈及教会中分党和不守秩序的事情。妇女蒙头之事,亦与这两方面有关。保罗所提供的解决方法,是想教会能保持合一,使敬拜能顺利进行。他又相信神的主权,在建立人际关系时是有规有矩的。 

  林前 11:2-16> 女子敬拜要蒙头?其实蒙头不蒙头是有所指的,保罗处理事的原则是…… 

  11:2-16 这个段落是讨论敬拜的正确态度和行为,而不是婚姻关系或女人在教会中的地位等。保罗所讲论的可能是文化背景的问题(妇女在敬拜中的蒙头),但其背后的原则是任何时代皆适用的,如对配偶要尊重,敬拜要有端庄合宜的态度,将生命的焦点对向神等。倘若你有任何行为会冒犯别人、分裂教会,就必须迅速改正过来,努力维系教会的合一。保罗劝那些没有蒙头的妇女在敬拜时蒙头,不是因为这是圣经的要求,而是不要因为这个细微的事使教会分裂。 

  林前 11:3> 男人是女人的头,女人岂不要受制于男人?真是这样? 

  11:3 “男人是女人的头”,头并不是指控制、管辖,乃是“来源”的意思。因为男人是首先被创造的,而女人是从男人而来,正如男人是从神而来。显然,保罗是在纠正哥林多教会妇女的过分表现。 

  林前 11:3> 人要学习顺服,我就是不想,为何人家不可以顺服我? 

  11:3 无论在办公室、政府部门、家庭里,要运作流畅,必须有一个重要的因素,就是“顺服”。为了避免混乱,神命令我们要在某些关系上顺服。我们必须了解,顺服不等于投降、放弃原则或任由宰割;也不等于次人一等,因为神按照自己的形像创造每一个人,都有同等的价值。顺服是彼此委身、互相合作的表现。妇女虽然与男性平等,但为了婚姻和家庭的益处,应该顺服丈夫。我们服事神,也要在各种关系上甘心情愿地顺服,包括我们的配偶、教会的肢体以及政府的领袖。 

  林前 11:9-11> 神造男造女都有先后次序,两性关系本就有主次之分?神的本意究竟是…… 

  11:9-11 神设立“权威”的制度是为了世界能够和谐运作。即使在婚姻关系上也有权威次序,但却不可以有优劣的次序。神造男造女,各有各的独特地方,互相补足,两种性别没有孰好孰坏的分别。我们不可使权威和顺服的问题妨碍婚姻关系,反要善用我们独有的恩赐来巩固婚姻,荣耀神。 

  林前 11:14-15> 我们所行也要与我们的习俗配合?不是配合,而是…… 

  11:14-15 在谈论到蒙头及头发长度的问题时,保罗指出的是:信徒应该按着本身所处的文化背景,选择最端庄合宜的服饰。在哥林多,如果男性留长头发,会被人视为是异教庙宇中的男妓,而女性剪短头发,则是妓女的象征。因此,保罗就他们所处的文化,要求哥林多的姊妹留长发,保罗并非叫我们完全接纳传统文化的习俗,但却要小心别让自己的外貌和行为成为我们为基督作见证、传扬福音的拦阻。 

  林前 11:17-34> 信了,也许很快就忘了;幸好有主餐,守主餐就可以…… 

  11:17-34 圣餐( 11:20 )明显地表达了基督为我们的罪而死。“圣餐”使我们记念基督的死,并等候祂荣耀的再临。我们领圣餐时,藉着与基督及其他信徒的相交,信心也坚固了。 

  林前 11:21-22> 只是为了他们可以大肆吃喝吗?今天我们没有啊,那时…… 

  11:21-22 初期教会领受主餐时,包括筵席或团契聚餐,其后领受圣餐。在哥林多教会,聚餐时有些人大吃大喝,有些却在捱饿,完全失去了关怀和分享。这样一来,就完全不能反映教会应有的爱心和合一的特性,也谈不上预备信徒领受圣餐了。保罗谴责这种行为,并提醒信徒举行圣餐的真正目的。 

  林前 11:24-25> 我还记得逾越节的晚餐,这圣餐原是要记念…… 

  11:24-25 主餐的含义是什么?初期教会记得耶稣是在逾越节的晚上设立圣餐的(参路 22:13-20 )。正如逾越节庆祝从埃及为奴之地被释放出来一样,圣餐要庆祝我们藉耶稣的死而从罪中获释。 

  林前 11:25> 常人时时问,既有旧约,何要新约?你知道是为什么吗? 

  11:25 什么是新约?在旧约时代,人只能透过祭司和献祭的制度来接近神。但耶稣在十字架上的死却为我们与神带来新的约。如今所有人都可以亲自来到神面前,与祂沟通。新约并非要取缔旧约,乃是要成全,充充足足地应验了旧约的盼望(参耶 31:31-34 )。吃主的饼和喝主的杯,表示记念基督为我们死,和重新立志,委身事奉基督。 

  林前 11:27-34> 守主餐,吃饼喝葡萄汁,就是这样的,不是吗?还要那么多原则干吗? 

  11:27-34 保罗提醒我们怎样守圣餐:( 1 )必须用省察的心来遵守主餐,因为我们是记念基督为我们的罪而死( 11:26 )。( 2 )必须重视它的价值,以虔敬的态度来领受。( 3 )必须反省自己,看看有什么未认的罪或不敬的态度( 11:28 ),并且凭信心和敬爱基督的心来预备自己。( 4 )应该顾及别人的需要( 11:33 ),并要有秩序、合一地来进行。 

  林前 11:27-34> 常常都记念主的死,其意义在哪? 

  11:27-34 保罗说任何人都不应以轻率的态度来领受圣餐。他所指的是那些匆匆忙忙地进食,而没有仔细思想其中含义的信徒──那些人就是干犯主的身和主的血。我们若不尊敬主的死,就是与那些钉祂十字架的人有分了。事实上没有人配受主餐,我们都是罪人,乃是靠神的恩典而获救。因此我们必须先作省察、认罪、与别人和好,除掉阻隔自己和别人及基督的关系的拦阻,才能领受圣餐。 

  林前 11:29> 11:29 “没有分辨主的身体”意思是不明白主餐的意义,只把它当作普通的一顿饭而已。这些人是会被定罪的( 11:27 )。 

  林前 11:30> 他们中间有些人死了,是因为轻率看主餐?主餐真的这么重要? 

  11:30 这句话显示了神对哥林多教会的特殊惩罚,也反映出圣餐的严重性。圣餐不能被轻率看待,因为这个新约是耶稣用自己的性命换来的。它不是无意义的宗教仪式,而是基督为坚固我们的信心而设立的圣礼。