旧约 - 以西结书(Ezekiel)第18章

The word of the LORD came unto me again, saying,
What mean ye, that ye use this proverb concerning the land of Israel, saying, The fathers have eaten sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge?
As I live, saith the Lord GOD, ye shall not have occasion any more to use this proverb in Israel.
Behold, all souls are mine; as the soul of the father, so also the soul of the son is mine: the soul that sinneth, it shall die.
But if a man be just, and do that which is lawful and right,
And hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, neither hath defiled his neighbour's wife, neither hath come near to a menstruous woman,
And hath not oppressed any, but hath restored to the debtor his pledge, hath spoiled none by violence, hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment;
He that hath not given forth upon usury, neither hath taken any increase, that hath withdrawn his hand from iniquity, hath executed true judgment between man and man,
Hath walked in my statutes, and hath kept my judgments, to deal truly; he is just, he shall surely live, saith the Lord GOD.
If he beget a son that is a robber, a shedder of blood, and that doeth the like to any one of these things,
And that doeth not any of those duties, but even hath eaten upon the mountains, and defiled his neighbour's wife,
Hath oppressed the poor and needy, hath spoiled by violence, hath not restored the pledge, and hath lifted up his eyes to the idols, hath committed abomination,
Hath given forth upon usury, and hath taken increase: shall he then live? he shall not live: he hath done all these abominations; he shall surely die; his blood shall be upon him.
Now, lo, if he beget a son, that seeth all his father's sins which he hath done, and considereth, and doeth not such like,
That hath not eaten upon the mountains, neither hath lifted up his eyes to the idols of the house of Israel, hath not defiled his neighbour's wife,
Neither hath oppressed any, hath not withholden the pledge, neither hath spoiled by violence, but hath given his bread to the hungry, and hath covered the naked with a garment,
That hath taken off his hand from the poor, that hath not received usury nor increase, hath executed my judgments, hath walked in my statutes; he shall not die for the iniquity of his father, he shall surely live.
As for his father, because he cruelly oppressed, spoiled his brother by violence, and did that which is not good among his people, lo, even he shall die in his iniquity.
Yet say ye, Why? doth not the son bear the iniquity of the father? When the son hath done that which is lawful and right, and hath kept all my statutes, and hath done them, he shall surely live.
The soul that sinneth, it shall die. The son shall not bear the iniquity of the father, neither shall the father bear the iniquity of the son: the righteousness of the righteous shall be upon him, and the wickedness of the wicked shall be upon him.
But if the wicked will turn from all his sins that he hath committed, and keep all my statutes, and do that which is lawful and right, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
All his transgressions that he hath committed, they shall not be mentioned unto him: in his righteousness that he hath done he shall live.
Have I any pleasure at all that the wicked should die? saith the Lord GOD: and not that he should return from his ways, and live?
But when the righteous turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and doeth according to all the abominations that the wicked man doeth, shall he live? All his righteousness that he hath done shall not be mentioned: in his trespass that he hath trespassed, and in his sin that he hath sinned, in them shall he die.
Yet ye say, The way of the LORD is not equal. Hear now, O house of Israel; Is not my way equal? are not your ways unequal?
When a righteous man turneth away from his righteousness, and committeth iniquity, and dieth in them; for his iniquity that he hath done shall he die.
Again, when the wicked man turneth away from his wickedness that he hath committed, and doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his soul alive.
Because he considereth, and turneth away from all his transgressions that he hath committed, he shall surely live, he shall not die.
Yet saith the house of Israel, The way of the LORD is not equal. O house of Israel, are not my ways equal? are not your ways unequal?
Therefore I will judge you, O house of Israel, every one according to his ways, saith the Lord GOD. Repent, and turn yourselves from all your transgressions; so iniquity shall not be your ruin.
Cast away from you all your transgressions, whereby ye have transgressed; and make you a new heart and a new spirit: for why will ye die, O house of Israel?
For I have no pleasure in the death of him that dieth, saith the Lord GOD: wherefore turn yourselves, and live ye.
以西结书第十八章   第 18 章 

  结 18 章 > 人是否因祖先犯的罪受神惩罚?怎样理解这章经文的内容? 

  18 章 犹大的百姓认为他们受惩罚是因为祖先犯的罪而不是他们自己犯的罪。他们这样想是因为十诫的教诲(参出 20:5 )。以西结教导他们说,耶路撒冷的毁灭与前几代人属灵上的腐败有关,但这种观点,在以色列人的社会生活中导致了宿命论和不负责任。因为百姓误解了旧约法律,于是以西结便给了他们一项神的新政策。神要分别审判每一个人。虽然我们经常因我们周围的人犯罪而受牵连,但神不会因为别人犯罪来惩罚我们,而我们也不能用他们的罪来为自己的罪开脱。每个人都要为自己的行为向神负责。 

  另外,有些犹大百姓使用神的祝福作为他们不顺从的藉口。他们认为,因为他们有公义的祖先( 18:5-9 ),所以他们就能存活。但神告诉他们这不可能,他们是公义祖先的邪恶子孙,所以他们必定灭亡( 18:10-13 ),但如果谁转向了神,谁便得以存活( 18:14-18 )。 

  结 18:8> 不取利,不多要,这律法的意义何在? 

  18:8 摩西的律法对取利是有规定的(参出 22:25 ;利 25:36 ;申 23:19-20 )。这是防止神的百姓侵占同胞和百姓的利益。 

  结 18:12> “当头”指的是什么? 

  18:12 “将当头还给人”说的是,贷方要让借方夜间使用他作抵押的斗篷,使借方夜间可以用斗篷御寒(参出 22:26 和申 24:10-13 中的这条律法)。 

  结 18:23> 看到恶人死亡,我们会高兴,但神的意念高过我的…… 

  18:23 神是爱人的神,但也是公义的神。神完全的爱使神对那些认罪并回头的人施怜悯,但神不会放过存心犯罪的人。恶人的肉体和灵体都会死亡。但神并不想看到他们死亡,神所希望的是他们能回头归向神得永生。同样,我们也不应该在非信徒倒霉的时候高兴。相反,我们应该全力帮他们建立信心。 

  结 18:25> 神你的道并不公平!──问问自己,曾否这样说过?…… 

  18:25 对惩罚有一种幼稚的说法:“这不公平!”实际上神是公平的,是人违反了规定。神不会以我们的公平观为准,相反我们应该以神的为准。我们不要花时间在神的律法上找漏洞,而要按神的标准生活。 

  结 18:30-32> 改变自己的行为会带来不同的后果,因为…… 

  18:30-32 对于总是犯罪的问题,以西结的结论是:每个人的人生都是可能改变的。这靠的是神在我们里面作工,而不是我们可以凭自己做到的事情。这是圣灵的工作(参诗 51:10-12 )。如果我们放弃罪恶和对抗来转向神的话,神就会给我们一个新的方向,新的爱和改变生命的新能力。我们可以以信心为开始,相信神改变我们内心和意念的能力。然后在神的掌握中度过每一天(参弗 4:22-24 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》