旧约 - 以西结书(Ezekiel)第18章

The word of the LORD came to me:
"What do you people mean by quoting this proverb about the land of Israel: "'The fathers eat sour grapes, and the children's teeth are set on edge'?
"As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign LORD, you will no longer quote this proverb in Israel.
For every living soul belongs to me, the father as well as the son--both alike belong to me. The soul who sins is the one who will die.
"Suppose there is a righteous man who does what is just and right.
He does not eat at the mountain shrines or look to the idols of the house of Israel. He does not defile his neighbor's wife or lie with a woman during her period.
He does not oppress anyone, but returns what he took in pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked.
He does not lend at usury or take excessive interest. He withholds his hand from doing wrong and judges fairly between man and man.
He follows my decrees and faithfully keeps my laws. That man is righteous; he will surely live, declares the Sovereign LORD.
"Suppose he has a violent son, who sheds blood or does any of these other things
(though the father has done none of them): "He eats at the mountain shrines. He defiles his neighbor's wife.
He oppresses the poor and needy. He commits robbery. He does not return what he took in pledge. He looks to the idols. He does detestable things.
He lends at usury and takes excessive interest. Will such a man live? He will not! Because he has done all these detestable things, he will surely be put to death and his blood will be on his own head.
"But suppose this son has a son who sees all the sins his father commits, and though he sees them, he does not do such things:
"He does not eat at the mountain shrines or look to the idols of the house of Israel. He does not defile his neighbor's wife.
He does not oppress anyone or require a pledge for a loan. He does not commit robbery but gives his food to the hungry and provides clothing for the naked.
He withholds his hand from sin and takes no usury or excessive interest. He keeps my laws and follows my decrees. He will not die for his father's sin; he will surely live.
But his father will die for his own sin, because he practiced extortion, robbed his brother and did what was wrong among his people.
"Yet you ask, 'Why does the son not share the guilt of his father?' Since the son has done what is just and right and has been careful to keep all my decrees, he will surely live.
The soul who sins is the one who will die. The son will not share the guilt of the father, nor will the father share the guilt of the son. The righteousness of the righteous man will be credited to him, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against him.
"But if a wicked man turns away from all the sins he has committed and keeps all my decrees and does what is just and right, he will surely live; he will not die.
None of the offenses he has committed will be remembered against him. Because of the righteous things he has done, he will live.
Do I take any pleasure in the death of the wicked? declares the Sovereign LORD. Rather, am I not pleased when they turn from their ways and live?
"But if a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits sin and does the same detestable things the wicked man does, will he live? None of the righteous things he has done will be remembered. Because of the unfaithfulness he is guilty of and because of the sins he has committed, he will die.
"Yet you say, 'The way of the Lord is not just.' Hear, O house of Israel: Is my way unjust? Is it not your ways that are unjust?
If a righteous man turns from his righteousness and commits sin, he will die for it; because of the sin he has committed he will die.
But if a wicked man turns away from the wickedness he has committed and does what is just and right, he will save his life.
Because he considers all the offenses he has committed and turns away from them, he will surely live; he will not die.
Yet the house of Israel says, 'The way of the Lord is not just.' Are my ways unjust, O house of Israel? Is it not your ways that are unjust?
"Therefore, O house of Israel, I will judge you, each one according to his ways, declares the Sovereign LORD. Repent! Turn away from all your offenses; then sin will not be your downfall.
Rid yourselves of all the offenses you have committed, and get a new heart and a new spirit. Why will you die, O house of Israel?
For I take no pleasure in the death of anyone, declares the Sovereign LORD. Repent and live!
以西结书第十八章   第 18 章 

  结 18 章 > 人是否因祖先犯的罪受神惩罚?怎样理解这章经文的内容? 

  18 章 犹大的百姓认为他们受惩罚是因为祖先犯的罪而不是他们自己犯的罪。他们这样想是因为十诫的教诲(参出 20:5 )。以西结教导他们说,耶路撒冷的毁灭与前几代人属灵上的腐败有关,但这种观点,在以色列人的社会生活中导致了宿命论和不负责任。因为百姓误解了旧约法律,于是以西结便给了他们一项神的新政策。神要分别审判每一个人。虽然我们经常因我们周围的人犯罪而受牵连,但神不会因为别人犯罪来惩罚我们,而我们也不能用他们的罪来为自己的罪开脱。每个人都要为自己的行为向神负责。 

  另外,有些犹大百姓使用神的祝福作为他们不顺从的藉口。他们认为,因为他们有公义的祖先( 18:5-9 ),所以他们就能存活。但神告诉他们这不可能,他们是公义祖先的邪恶子孙,所以他们必定灭亡( 18:10-13 ),但如果谁转向了神,谁便得以存活( 18:14-18 )。 

  结 18:8> 不取利,不多要,这律法的意义何在? 

  18:8 摩西的律法对取利是有规定的(参出 22:25 ;利 25:36 ;申 23:19-20 )。这是防止神的百姓侵占同胞和百姓的利益。 

  结 18:12> “当头”指的是什么? 

  18:12 “将当头还给人”说的是,贷方要让借方夜间使用他作抵押的斗篷,使借方夜间可以用斗篷御寒(参出 22:26 和申 24:10-13 中的这条律法)。 

  结 18:23> 看到恶人死亡,我们会高兴,但神的意念高过我的…… 

  18:23 神是爱人的神,但也是公义的神。神完全的爱使神对那些认罪并回头的人施怜悯,但神不会放过存心犯罪的人。恶人的肉体和灵体都会死亡。但神并不想看到他们死亡,神所希望的是他们能回头归向神得永生。同样,我们也不应该在非信徒倒霉的时候高兴。相反,我们应该全力帮他们建立信心。 

  结 18:25> 神你的道并不公平!──问问自己,曾否这样说过?…… 

  18:25 对惩罚有一种幼稚的说法:“这不公平!”实际上神是公平的,是人违反了规定。神不会以我们的公平观为准,相反我们应该以神的为准。我们不要花时间在神的律法上找漏洞,而要按神的标准生活。 

  结 18:30-32> 改变自己的行为会带来不同的后果,因为…… 

  18:30-32 对于总是犯罪的问题,以西结的结论是:每个人的人生都是可能改变的。这靠的是神在我们里面作工,而不是我们可以凭自己做到的事情。这是圣灵的工作(参诗 51:10-12 )。如果我们放弃罪恶和对抗来转向神的话,神就会给我们一个新的方向,新的爱和改变生命的新能力。我们可以以信心为开始,相信神改变我们内心和意念的能力。然后在神的掌握中度过每一天(参弗 4:22-24 )。──《灵修版圣经注释》