旧约 - 尼希米记（Nehemiah）第12章

Now these are the priests and the Levites that went up with Zerubbabel the son of Shealtiel, and Jeshua: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,

Amariah, Malluch, Hattush,

Shechaniah, Rehum, Meremoth,

Iddo, Ginnetho, Abijah,

Miamin, Maadiah, Bilgah,

Shemaiah, and Joiarib, Jedaiah,

Sallu, Amok, Hilkiah, Jedaiah. These were the chief of the priests and of their brethren in the days of Jeshua.

Moreover the Levites: Jeshua, Binnui, Kadmiel, Sherebiah, Judah, and Mattaniah, which was over the thanksgiving, he and his brethren.

Also Bakbukiah and Unni, their brethren, were over against them in the watches.

And Jeshua begat Joiakim, Joiakim also begat Eliashib, and Eliashib begat Joiada,

And Joiada begat Jonathan, and Jonathan begat Jaddua.

And in the days of Joiakim were priests, the chief of the fathers: of Seraiah, Meraiah; of Jeremiah, Hananiah;

Of Ezra, Meshullam; of Amariah, Jehohanan;

Of Melicu, Jonathan; of Shebaniah, Joseph;

Of Harim, Adna; of Meraioth, Helkai;

Of Iddo, Zechariah; of Ginnethon, Meshullam;

Of Abijah, Zichri; of Miniamin, of Moadiah, Piltai;

Of Bilgah, Shammua; of Shemaiah, Jehonathan;

And of Joiarib, Mattenai; of Jedaiah, Uzzi;

Of Sallai, Kallai; of Amok, Eber;

Of Hilkiah, Hashabiah; of Jedaiah, Nethaneel.

The Levites in the days of Eliashib, Joiada, and Johanan, and Jaddua, were recorded chief of the fathers: also the priests, to the reign of Darius the Persian.

The sons of Levi, the chief of the fathers, were written in the book of the chronicles, even until the days of Johanan the son of Eliashib.

And the chief of the Levites: Hashabiah, Sherebiah, and Jeshua the son of Kadmiel, with their brethren over against them, to praise and to give thanks, according to the commandment of David the man of God, ward over against ward.

Mattaniah, and Bakbukiah, Obadiah, Meshullam, Talmon, Akkub, were porters keeping the ward at the thresholds of the gates.

These were in the days of Joiakim the son of Jeshua, the son of Jozadak, and in the days of Nehemiah the governor, and of Ezra the priest, the scribe.

And at the dedication of the wall of Jerusalem they sought the Levites out of all their places, to bring them to Jerusalem, to keep the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgivings, and with singing, with cymbals, psalteries, and with harps.

And the sons of the singers gathered themselves together, both out of the plain country round about Jerusalem, and from the villages of Netophathi;

Also from the house of Gilgal, and out of the fields of Geba and Azmaveth: for the singers had builded them villages round about Jerusalem.

And the priests and the Levites purified themselves, and purified the people, and the gates, and the wall.

Then I brought up the princes of Judah upon the wall, and appointed two great companies of them that gave thanks, whereof one went on the right hand upon the wall toward the dung gate:

And after them went Hoshaiah, and half of the princes of Judah,

And Azariah, Ezra, and Meshullam,

Judah, and Benjamin, and Shemaiah, and Jeremiah,

And certain of the priests' sons with trumpets; namely, Zechariah the son of Jonathan, the son of Shemaiah, the son of Mattaniah, the son of Michaiah, the son of Zaccur, the son of Asaph:

And his brethren, Shemaiah, and Azarael, Milalai, Gilalai, Maai, Nethaneel, and Judah, Hanani, with the musical instruments of David the man of God, and Ezra the scribe before them.

And at the fountain gate, which was over against them, they went up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward.

And the other company of them that gave thanks went over against them, and I after them, and the half of the people upon the wall, from beyond the tower of the furnaces even unto the broad wall;

And from above the gate of Ephraim, and above the old gate, and above the fish gate, and the tower of Hananeel, and the tower of Meah, even unto the sheep gate: and they stood still in the prison gate.

So stood the two companies of them that gave thanks in the house of God, and I, and the half of the rulers with me:

And the priests; Eliakim, Maaseiah, Miniamin, Michaiah, Elioenai, Zechariah, and Hananiah, with trumpets;

And Maaseiah, and Shemaiah, and Eleazar, and Uzzi, and Jehohanan, and Malchijah, and Elam, and Ezer. And the singers sang loud, with Jezrahiah their overseer.

Also that day they offered great sacrifices, and rejoiced: for God had made them rejoice with great joy: the wives also and the children rejoiced: so that the joy of Jerusalem was heard even afar off.

And at that time were some appointed over the chambers for the treasures, for the offerings, for the firstfruits, and for the tithes, to gather into them out of the fields of the cities the portions of the law for the priests and Levites: for Judah rejoiced for the priests and for the Levites that waited.

And both the singers and the porters kept the ward of their God, and the ward of the purification, according to the commandment of David, and of Solomon his son.

For in the days of David and Asaph of old there were chief of the singers, and songs of praise and thanksgiving unto God.

And all Israel in the days of Zerubbabel, and in the days of Nehemiah, gave the portions of the singers and the porters, every day his portion: and they sanctified holy things unto the Levites; and the Levites sanctified them unto the children of Aaron.

尼希米记第十二章　　第 12 章　

　　回归：以色列人的两次重大旅程　

　　尼 12:35-36> 吹号的传统始于何时？　

　　12:35-36　祭司们使用的乐器从何而来？大卫在敬拜时加入音乐，他可能将乐器收藏在圣殿内。圣殿被毁时，尼布甲尼撒把殿内的文件带到巴比伦（参代下 36:18 ），文件可能一直留在那里，直到以色列人回归，塞鲁士才将文物交还他们（参拉 1:7-11 ）。　

　　尼 12:44> 什么样的人有资格管理信徒的奉献？你的教会情况如何？　

　　12:44　为了支持圣殿的工作人员，尼希米设立了库房，确保妥善收发献的祭物和十分之一的奉献。库房必须有足够的面积，才能容纳百姓送来的谷物，可见管理库房是一项重大的任务。　

　　尼 12:44-47> 以色列人为了什么欢乐？你何时有过极大的欢乐？　

　　12:44-47　以色列人欢喜快乐地用诗歌、赞美把城垣献上（ 12:24 ， 27-29 ， 35-36 ， 40-43 ）。尼希米多次忆述在敬拜时创立诗班的大卫。在大卫的年代，以色列是一个朝气勃勃、敬畏神的国家。回归的以色列人希望重建耶路撒冷，作为日后复国的中心。所以他们甘心将自己和耶路撒冷城献给神。──《灵修版圣经注释》　

尼希米记　　注释　

　　十一 21 至十二 26 附加名单　

　　主要的名单在十一章 20 节结束后（注意十一 20 自然引入十二 27 开始的下一个项目），编者把握了机会，加上一些别的名单，而这些名单跟耶路撒冷人口的问题并没有直接关联。十一章 21 至 24 节是主要名单的附录，十一章 25 至 36 节把耶路撒冷以外的定居情况分类，而十二章 1 至 26 节则把几个关乎祭司和利未人的名单结合起来。虽然这些材料严格来说，跟本书这部分的故事主线并没有关系，但它也把这个重新组织自己的群体绘画出来了。　

　　要对本部分进行详细的分析，在这里似乎过于复杂，但两件范围较广的事宜，则值得加以评论。首先，十一章 25 至 36 节的名单所涉及的范围，似乎比当时犹大省的范围更广。那名单似乎是存着渴望的心，回顾昔日光辉的日子（比较书十五），因而刺激读者去盼望一个尚未临到、更伟大的未来。现今实际环境跟远望神广阔应许之间的差别，在任何世代里，是神子民应存之信心的一个要素，正如希伯来书十一章 13 至 16 节所清楚指出的。　

　　其次，十二章 1 至 26 节把历史的透视图彼此相迭，其中第一次回归的人竟与以斯拉、尼希米同期回归的人并列。这情况在第 26 节尤为明显（耶书亚是第二圣殿建成时的大祭司；比较拉三 2 ，五 2 ），但事实上，先前所列出来的祭司和利未人名单，是来自两个不同阶段的。为了各种神学目的而把这些名单浓缩起来叙述，是当时常有的习惯，就是在新约中也有出现（比较太一 1-17 ）。这暗示在历史进程的复杂事件背后，信心的眼睛能看出神旨意怎样一步一步地成就。　

　　附注　　　　

　　十二 22 「波斯王大利乌」：这个从前未出现过的称谓似是指大利乌一世（圣殿在他任内重建），这称谓是为了把他与神秘的「玛代人大利乌」（但五 30 ）分别出来，而他显然是在「波斯王古列」（但六 26 ）之前。　

　　十二 27 至十三 3 奉献城墙及其结果　

　　最后，我们来到似是尼希米工作的高潮部分，就是城墙的奉献；其建造是本书上半部的主题。编者在此把尼希米自己的记载与另一份数据结合起来，以表达众民合一的庆祝。众民组成了两个队伍（ 31-36 、 38 、 40-42 节），从城西的谷门离开耶城后，他们便往相反方向走，每队绕着城的一半，然后再进城，联合起来在圣殿举行赞美敬拜（ 40 节）。　

　　第 43 节强调他们欢乐的程度是前所未有的，这叫我们想起一个圣经真理：对这种喜乐的期待，能在困难的时刻使我们得力量（比较罗五 2-5 ，八 18-25 ；来十二 2 ）。　

　　然而，这故事并不像一般的神仙故事，一个「快乐的结局」并不是本书的结尾。经文随即（「当日」，十二 44 ，十三 1 ）处理一些我们只看为日常事务而会忘掉的事情，那就是为定时的圣殿崇拜而提供的财政支持（十二 44-47 ），以及按着神的律法来洁净会众（十三 1-3 ）。作者似在暗示，没有这些日常例行的工作，只是一天的欢乐总不能维持下去。虽然叫人留下深刻印象的，往往是成功的高峰，但对于个人和群体生活来说，属灵进展的真正量度标准，在于他们怎样把那些被视为「正常」而忽略了的东西转化过来。此处的叙述形式强调，若没有这些日常事务的进展，则所有高峰和庆祝活动都会很快就变成晦暗模糊的记忆。　

尼希米记

尼希米记第十二章

12：1 本章所记为归国的祭司及利未人的一张比较详细的名单，包括：1，在所罗巴伯归国时期返国的祭司和利未人（1-9节）；2，从耶书亚到押杜亚的大祭司，其中以利亚实为协助重建城墙的人（10-11节）；3，在约雅金时代返国的祭司和利未人（12-21，24节以后，本章1-7节所列祭司家族的名字均重载于此，但缺哈突〔2节〕）。

本节的以斯拉与80年后率领另一批犹太人回国的以斯拉不是同一人。

“所罗巴伯和耶书亚”：看《以斯拉记》3：2注。

12：7 大卫为王时将祭司分为二十四班次，进入圣殿轮流侍奉（代上24：3，7-19）。本章1-7节列有其中22个班次首领的名字。

12：11 22节所记名单，在大祭司耶何耶大和押杜亚之间，为约哈难。23节说这位约哈难为以利亚实的儿子；因此有人认为本节的约拿单为约哈难之误。

12：23 “记在历史上”：此处“历史”大概指圣殿的大事记，刊有各种记录和名单。

12：27 尼希米的事至此又恢复记述。城墙建成的奉献礼为尼希米返国后侍奉的高潮。一群被掳归国的余民，敬虔地接受了律法的宣读（8章），哭泣认罪，恳求神的拯救（9章），依律法的原则订立条例，让大家在生活中遵守（10章），纪念艰苦创建的先贤，记下归国的人数和所居地范围（11-12章）之后，现在是记圣城耶路撒冷城垣奉献礼（27-43节）和全民欢乐（42节）的最好时候。

12：29 伯吉甲在耶城北面，迦巴为便雅悯地西部一城，押玛弗也属便雅悯。

12：36 “大卫的乐器”：见《撒下》6：5，计有琴、瑟、鼓、钹、锣。

12：39 看3：1，3，6及注。

12：44 参10：35至38各注。“库房”现有专人管理，民间奉献也有专库收存，圣殿的供应不断，整个社会欢乐（参玛3：10）。

旧约 - 尼希米记（Nehemiah）第12章

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